The Creative Process
- Metaphysics
Joseph Wallas (1926)
- Preparation
- Incubation
- Illumination
- Verification
Joseph Rossman (1931)
- Observation of a need or difficulty
- Analysis of a need
- A survey of all available information
- A formulation of all objective solutions
- A critical analysis of these solutions
- The birth of the new idea - the invention
- Experimentation to test out the most promising solution
Osborn (1953)
- Orientation: pointing up the problem
- Preparation: gathering pertinent data
- Analysis: breaking down the relevant material
- Ideation: piling up alternative by way of ideas
- Incubation: "letting up" - to invite illumination
- Synthesis: putting the pieces together
- Evaluation: judging the resulting ideas
Taylor (1959)
Wallas's four stages + five levels:
- Expressive creativity
- Productive creativity
- Inventive creativity
- Innovative creativity
- Emergent creativity
Morris Stein (1967, 1974)
Three stages:
- Hypothesis formulation
- Hypothesis testing
- Communication of results
Guilford (1950, 1957, 1959)
- Divergent Thinking
Koestler (1964)
- Bisociation
Sources: Arieti (1976)
WEB Sites
The Creative Advantage Newsletter - http://www.demon.co.uk/advantage/create/index.htm
Bibliography
Arieti (1976: Silvano Arieti, Creativity - the Magic Synthesis, Basic Books, Inc. Publishers, New York, ISBN: 0-01444-5, 1976
Barron (1997): Frank Barron et al. (Ed.), Creators on Creating - Awakening and Cultivating the Imaginative Mind, ISBN: 0-87477-854-9 , G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York, 1997
J.Daniel Couger (1996): Creativity and innovation in information systems organizations; Boyd&Fraser Publishing Company; ISBN: 0-7895-0109-0
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (1996): Creativity - flow and the psychology of Discovery and Invention, HarperCollins Publishers, ISBN: 0-06-092820-4 , 1996
Subrata Dasgupta (1996): Technology and Creativity; Oxford University Press; ISBN: 0-19-509688-6 , 1996
Ghislein (1952): Ed. Brewster Ghiselin, The Creative Process, Mentor, 1952.
Harmon (1984): Willis Harmon and Howard Rheingold, Higher Creativity - Liberating the Unconscious for Breaktthrough Insights, Tarcher, St. Martins Press, New York, ISBN: 0-87477-293-1 , 1984.
Henry (1991): Ed. Jane Henry, Creative Management, SAGE Publications, ISBN: 0-8039-8490-1 , 1991.
Jill Morris (1992): Creative Breakthroughs: Tap the Power of Your Unconscious Mind, Warner Books, ISBN: 0-446-39217-0 , 1992.
Paul E. Plesk (1997): Creativity, Innovation and Quality, ASQC Quality Press, ISB 0-87389-404-9